Build Your First Application

Overview

This tutorial is intended to introduce you to the CodeIgniter4 framework and the basic principles of MVC architecture. It will show you how a basic CodeIgniter application is constructed in a step-by-step fashion.

If you are not familiar with PHP, we recommend that you check out the W3Schools PHP Tutorial before continuing.

In this tutorial, you will be creating a basic news application. You will begin by writing the code that can load static pages. Next, you will create a news section that reads news items from a database. Finally, you’ll add a form to create news items in the database.

This tutorial will primarily focus on:

  • Model-View-Controller basics

  • Routing basics

  • Form validation

  • Performing basic database queries using CodeIgniter’s Model

The entire tutorial is split up over several pages, each explaining a small part of the functionality of the CodeIgniter framework. You’ll go through the following pages:

  • Introduction, this page, which gives you an overview of what to expect and gets your default application downloaded and running.

  • Static pages, which will teach you the basics of controllers, views and routing.

  • News section, where you’ll start using models and will be doing some basic database operations.

  • Create news items, which will introduce more advanced database operations and form validation.

  • Conclusion, which will give you some pointers on further reading and other resources.

Enjoy your exploration of the CodeIgniter framework.

Getting Up and Running

You can download a release manually from the site, but for this tutorial we will use the recommended way and install the AppStarter package through Composer. From your command line type the following:

> composer create-project codeigniter4/appstarter ci-news

This creates a new folder, ci-news, which contains your application code, with CodeIgniter installed in the vendor folder.

By default, CodeIgniter starts up in production mode. This is a safety feature to keep your site a bit more secure in case settings are messed up once it is live. So first let’s fix that. Copy or rename the env file to .env. Open it up.

This file contains server-specific settings. This means you never will need to commit any sensitive information to your version control system. It includes some of the most common ones you want to enter already, though they are all commented out. So uncomment the line with CI_ENVIRONMENT on it, and change production to development:

CI_ENVIRONMENT = development

With that out of the way it’s time to view your application in a browser. You can serve it through any server of your choice, Apache, Nginx, etc, but CodeIgniter comes with a simple command that takes advantage of PHP’s built-in server to get you up and running fast on your development machines. Type the following on the command line from the root of your project:

> php spark serve

The Welcome Page

Now point your browser to the correct URL you will be greeted by a welcome screen. Try it now by heading to the following URL:

http://localhost:8080

and you should be greeted by the following page:

../_images/welcome.png

This means that your application works and you can start making changes to it.

Debugging

Now that you’re in development mode, you’ll see a toolbar on the bottom of your application. This toolbar contains a number of helpful items that you can reference during development. This will never show in production environments. Clicking any of the tabs along the bottom brings up additional information. Clicking the X on the right of the toolbar minimizes it to a small square with the CodeIgniter flame on it. If you click that the toolbar will show again.

In addition to this, CodeIgniter has some helpful error pages when you hit exceptions or other errors in your program. Open up app/Controllers/Home.php and change some line to generate an error (removing a semi-colon or brace should do the trick!). You will be greeted by a screen looking something like this:

../_images/error.png

There are a couple of things to note here:

  1. Hovering over the red header at the top reveals a search link that will open up DuckDuckGo.com in a new tab and searching for the exception.

  2. Clicking the arguments link on any line in the Backtrace will expand a list of the arguments that were passed into that function call.

Everything else should be clear when you see it.

Now that we know how to get started and how to debug a little, let’s get started building this small news application.